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Skilled pronunciation reflects feelings and personal reactions to different situations.
Intonation is the variation in volume and pitch and expresses emotions or feelings.
-normal intonation pattern is rise/fall. falling intonation indicates you're finished speaking
-fall/rise pattern indicates surprise or disagreement, also the speaker wants a response or confirmation
-techniques to teach intonation: nonsense word repetition to express different attitudes, hand gestures with high/low pitches, humming/singing to hear stress or intonation, angled arrows on board for directional pattern
Stress is the strong/vital syllables emphasized parts of a sentence that convey the essential info.
-techniques to teach stress: contrastive stress-practicing stressing different parts, hand gestures, choral work, board using stress marks or underlined parts
Sound joining: linking, sound dropping(t,d), sound changing, and extra lettering
Places of articulation:
-velar-tongue is raised near velum/soft palate
-palatal-central part of tongue and center of roof of mouth
-palatal-alveolar- tongue raised towards alveolar ridge and palate
-alveolar-tip of tongue raised towards alveolar ridge
-dental-tongue between teeth
-labio-dental-top teeth and lower lips
-bilabial-two lips
-glottal-opening of vocal chords
Manner of articulation:
-plosive-air is blocked before released
fricative-obstruction of air
-nasal-air escapes nasal cavity
-affricate-plosive with contrastive release
-lateral-air escaping side of tongue
-approximant-narrowing vocal tract with tongue
