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During this unit I learned about modal auxiliary verbs, which are used to help add meaning to the main verb in a sentence. The modal verb always comes before the main verb. They can be used to express the likelihood of events happening, obligations, suggestions, abilities, advice or permitting something to happen. Different modal verbs are used depending on the formality of the situation, and who is being addressed. The modal verb chosen should give a clear indication of how likely or possible an action or event is, or the degree of obligation expressed (for example whether and action may be a good idea compared to whether something is necessary.)
The next section covered passive voice, which is usually used when the main subject of the sentence is unknown, unimportant, the speaker does not wish them to be known. It can be also used for historical events or general truths. In a passive sentence the verb is done to the subject, rather than the subject doing the verb, changing the main focus of the sentence. This example focuses on the person or object affected by the action, rather than the action itself: "The tree was cut down by the logger," compared with active voice, "the logger cut down the tree." The first sentence the focus is on the tree, what happened to the tree. The second active sentence focuses on what the logger did.
Relative clauses are used to give additional information about something within the same sentence. Sometimes the additional information is crucial for the sentence to be understood - these are defining relative clauses. When the information is not essential they are non-defining. An example of a defining relative clause would be "we'll eat the cake THAT I put the icing on today." This suggestes there is more than one cake, and tells which one I plan for us to eat. If the sentence were to be made non-defining I could say, "we'll eat the cake today."
Phrasal verbs combine verbs with one or two particles, either a preposition or an adverb or both. When the group of words is used together the phrase takes on its own meaning. There are three types of phrasal verbs - Intransitive, transitive seperable and transitive inseperable.
Intransitive phrasal verbs cannot be followed by an object. For example - "I woke up at sunrise."
With transitive inseparable the direct object always comes after the particle. For example - "I told the dog to get off the couch."
With transitive separable phrasal verbs noun and pronoun objects either go after the particle or between the verb and the particle. Example sentence - "She woke up the baby," or "she woke the baby up."
