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Conditional sentences are statements discussing known factors or hypothetical situations and their consequences. Complete conditional sentences contain a conditional clause often referred to as the if-clause and the consequence. For example; If I had a car, I would drive across the country. With this clause the condition has to be acknowledged before the action can be notified. There are five different types of conditional sentences in English. Each expresses a different degree of probability that a situation will occur or would have occurred under certain circumstances; zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional, third conditional and also what can be known as the mixed conditional between the second and third conditional.
Zero conditional sentences express general truths where one thing always causes another.
for example, If you don’t brush your teeth, you get cavities.
First conditional sentences are used to express situations in which the outcome is likely but there is no guarantee that it will happen however.
for example, If you practice, you will get better.
Second conditional sentences express the outcomes that are entirely unrealistic or will not likely happen in the future.
for example, if I owned a fighter jet, I would let all my friends learn to fly it.
Third conditional sentences explains how the outcome of a present situation would be different if something different had been done in the past
for example, If you had told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier.
The mixed conditional sentence as explained earlier is usually combined with the second and the third conditional sentences.
The reported speech is basically the relaying of information an individual had previously said therefore the speaker's words are reported in subordinate clauses governed by a reporting verb, with the required changes of person and tense, for example; he said that he would go, based on him saying in the past tense 'I will go'.
