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The present tense comes in four aspects:
The present simple, this tense is used to describe an habit, a routine action, a permanent situation and facts, commentaries, directions and instructions, newspaper headlines, present stories and historical sequences. An s will be added when using this tense at the third person singular. Verbs ending in o, s, z, x, ch and sh will be added es at the end. In the negative form, the auxiliary verb doesn't have the s so the main verb doesn't need an s ex: she doesn't read everyday / she reads everyday. she finishes at 9pm.
The present continuous, this tense is mainly used to talk about an action in progress, talk about a temporary action that is not necessarly in progress, to emphasize frequent actions, backgroung events in a present story, to descibe developing situations and to refer to a regular action around a point of time. It is formed with present simple tense of the auxiliary verb to be and the present participle (verb plus ing) of the main verb ex: I am eating.
The present perfect: it is used to relate the past to the present when we talk about finished actions that happened at an indefinite time, when we are thinking about completed past actions carried out in an unfinished time period, when we talk about someting that began in the past but is still true now and when we describe past actions with present results. With regular verbs the past participe is verb plus ed ex: learned, but there are many irregular verbs such as speak - spoken.
The present perfect continuous: this tense relate past activities to the present, it is used to communicate an incomplete and ongoing activity, when we want to say how long it has continued, but also to descibe a recently finished activity which has a present result ex: I have been cleaning the car.
