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This unit helps to understand the importance of the various aspects of pronunciation such as stress, rhythm and intonation. Intonation refers to the differences in volume and pitch in an entire sentence. There are three patterns of intonation; rise-fall, fall-rise and flat. Rise-fall indicates that the person speaking has finished speaking and that they do not necessarily need a response. Fall-rise indicates surprise and often disagreement, and that the speaker wants a response or confirmation. Flat indicates that the person speaking does not really have much to say or does not wish to communicate.
Stress refers to how the meaning of a sentences changes when the emphasis is places of various words in a sentence. For example; I like 'your painting versus 'I like your painting, the meaning and message conveyed changes. I like 'your painting indicates that I like your painting over other paintings. 'I like your painting indicates that I like your painting while others may also or may not like your painting. Depending on whether a word is a noun, adjective or verb and the number of syllables, the stress on the first, second, third or last syllable changes.
There are six manners of articulation such as plosive, fricative, nasal, lateral, affricate and approximant. A plosive is a little explosion of sound with our breath. A fricative is when a friction in the vocal tract occurs. A nasal sound is made by making an obstacle in the mouth then air from the vocal tract escapes through the nasal cavity. There is only one lateral sound is made when the tip of the tongue is placed in the alveolar ridge and air escapes through the mouth literally along both sides of the tongue. An affricate is very similar to the plosive but is made when there is a gradual release of air rather than the sudden release of air like with the plosive. An approximant has no audible friction and is made by narrowing the vocal tract with the tongue.
There are eight sounds that can be categorised according to the place of articulation such as velar, palatal, palatal-alveolar, alveolar, dental, labio-dental, bilabial and glottal.
Phonemic symbols help students with listening and speaking. This unit teaches the students the phonemic chart and the various sounds that the phonemic symbols represent. Unlike the Roman alphabets, where one way to spell a word can represent two sounds, the phonemic symbols represent a sound each.
