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This unit helps to understand the various conditionals as well as reported speech. Conditionals are sentences that contain two parts. The first part refers to the 'if' clause and the second part refers to the main clause. Depending on the situation the if clause refers to the condition that has to be satisfied before the main clause can be fulfilled. There are five main conditionals. Zero conditional is used to talk about situations that are generally or always true, for example; scientific facts, general truths, issues and situations that are certain to happen. First conditional is used to talk about a situation with a likely result of possible future situations, promises, threats, warnings and back up plans. Second conditional is used to talk about a present or future hypothetical situation that is currently not true and is unlikely to become true. Second conditionals are used to express dreams, fantasies and hypothetical situations. Third conditional is used to talk about a hypothetical past action and hypothetical past consequence or result. For example; regrets or excuses. Mixed conditional deals with the present results of imaginary situations in the past and usually is a combination of two conditionals. When converting direct speech into reported or indirect speech, there are certain aspects of the sentence that changes such as verb tenses, pronouns and time expressions. For example; present simple changes to past simple (love to loved). The pronouns change according to who is spoken to and the context. Time expressions change as the time the direct speech is made and the time the indirect or reported speech is reported, there is a time difference. The key is to get the students to gradually become familiar with these with practice over time.