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Teachers play a critical role in a classroom and this unit clearly explained how to manage a classroom. To teach a classroom effectively you need to have proper eye contact, gesture and be the voice of the classroom. Eye contact is important to establish rapport with students as well as show confidence in your ability. Good gesture is also very important to convey meaning of the language and add visual interest. Your voice also needs to be articulate, have a variety of projection and be able to adapt to your environment. In addition it is important to use your students' names to acknowledge them and get the attention of the student. The next section went over the grouping of students. The three focuses were whole-class grouping, individual and pair work. One good thing about whole-class is that it allows students to interact with any other classmates. One con is it reduces opportunities for students to speak. Students working on their own can be good in which it helps students become more independent. One bad thing is that it restricts student interaction. Pair work is great because it allows students to share ideas. One bad thing is that a student could be paired with someone they don't like. It is also important to be aware of how to arrange a classroom. Factors that you should consider is the space available, age of students, nationality, personality and types of chairs/equipment. This will effect the dynamic of the classroom and is good to get the students moving around to sit next to new people. There are a few good ways to arrange the classroom such as orderly rows, circles and horseshoes, separate tables and then making sure as the teacher you are in a good position. The teacher's position is important and you need to be able to recognize when to stand or sit. As far as standing goes it should be during language presentation, giving instructions, controlled practice and checking work in progress. Times that the teacher can sit would be activate stage or reading activities. Writing on the board can be a little tricky as your back is facing the students. It is very helpful to know some tips to make sure the amount of time your back is turned to the students is minimized. Inviting the students to write on the board or using an overhead projector are two examples that could be used. Giving individual attention is something that is very important as well. Certain things that you can do to help with this is knowing all the students' names. Another example would be having a good balance providing help to strong students and weak students. Teacher talking time and student talk time should also have a good balance depending on the lesson you are teaching. Avoiding too much talk time for a teacher is important so the students can get a lot of practice. A few examples of ways to do this would be avoid using jargon, don't over explain things and use gestures or pictures. Another important thing to be aware of is giving instructions effectively. A teacher needs to use simple language, be consistent, use visual clues and checking to make sure students understand the instructions. The last two things that are important in classroom management are establishing rapport and maintaining discipline. The rapport between a teacher and student is critical in developing a relaxed environment and gaining respect. A few examples of things that can be done are being positive in everything, showing personal interest in students and personalize activities. Maintaining discipline will depend on the age of the students, class size, motivation and respect. It is extremely important to prevent problem behavior by being punctual, well prepared, never losing your temper and establishing rapport with students.