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Conditionals are sentence structure that describes a particular action or situation and its consequences or results. It often uses if clause and there are five conditionals stated and define as follows: Zero Conditionals - always true.       If you jump in the river, you get wet. First Conditional - make plans, promise, threats, back-up plans.       If I get the time off of work, I will surely visit you. Second Conditional - unreal possibilities or unlikely to be true.       If I had a million dollars, I would open a sanctuary for stray or wounded animals. Third Conditional - situations in the past that are impossible in the present.       If she had thought wisely, she would have been happy in her marriage life. Mixed Conditional - hypothetical past action and hypothetical present result.       If I had listened to my mom, I could be a better person now. Reported speech is when you tell somebody else what you or a person said before. By using reported speech, we either report statement, questions or request/commands. In order to backshift the direct speech to reported speech it should always check the pronouns, verb tenses, time and place expressions. If the direct speech is on the present tense there is no need to change the tense but only the pronoun. When transforming questions to reported speech, always consider the pronouns, time/place expressions and backshifting of tenses. Transform the question into indirect question using the question words followed by if/whether and omit the question mark.    "I can do it" - She said she could do it.    "Do you speak Mandarin?" She asked whether I spoke Mandarin.    "Eyes on the road." The sign warned us to pay attention on the road.