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This unit cover topics that are a bit passed the basic grammar usually taught in EFL, and it goes over modal auxiliary verbs, passive voice, relative clause, and phrasal verbs. Modal auxiliary verbs are used before main verbs to express different ideas that give more abstract context. This varies from expressing certainty, being more formal, describing obligations and abilities, and giving permission and advice. Role-plays are a great tool here to show what situations modal auxiliary modal verbs are appropriate for. Passive voice, is a sentence where the object and subject are switched as compared to the active voice, which is what is typically used to make direct statements. In the active voice, the noun doing the action is more and important and emphasis, whereas in the passive voice, the noun being acted on is more important and is given more emphasis. To go from active to passive voice, the auxiliary verb is changed depending on what tense it is, followed by the past participle of the main verb. Next, relative clauses are dependent clauses, or clauses that are not complete sentences by themselves, which describes or identifies the noun from the independent clause that it is paired with. If the information is necessarily important, the clause is put without commas around it and is referred to as a defining relative clause. In the case where the relative clause could be omitted and not much is lost from the meaning of the sentence, commas will surround the relative clause, and can be referred to as a non-defining relative clause. Finally, phrasal verbs are covered. These are verbs that are paired with one or two particles and act as one item. They usually have non-nonsensical meanings if they are translated directly, which is why they are called phrasal. There are three types of phrasal verbs: intransitive, where the direct objects cannot be following it, transitive separable, where the object noun can be either between or after the verb and particle, in the case that the object noun is not a pronoun, and transitive inseparable, where the object noun has to come after the verb and particle.
