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This unit covered modal auxiliary verbs, phrasal verbs, relative clauses and passive voice.
Modal auxiliary verbs are used to add meaning to a main verb. The true modals are will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might and must. There are a few others such as have got to, have to, need to, needn't, and ought to. For each modal their various usages were explained and a few teaching exercises were given (i.e. role play for the rules of a hotel).
Passive voice is used when the speaker or author either doesn't know or doesn't want the listener or reader to know who is doing the action. The focus is not on the main subject. Each tense (except for the perfect continuous) has a passive formation using the auxiliary verb 'be' and the past participle. Again, a couple of teaching ideas were prescribed.
A relative clause is a dependent clause that modifies the noun. There are two types: defining and non-defining. Defining cannot be removed from the sentence as the information given is essential. Non-defining, however, can be removed and is separated by commas. For example: My dog that is black ran away (I have more than one dog) VS My dog, who is black, ran away (describing the do as black).
Phrasal verbs are multi-word verbs. There are intransitive (which cannot be followed by a direct object), transitive separable (where the object of the pronoun can only come between the verb and particle) and transitive inseparable (where the obj of the phrase both come after particle). It was then said that because these are often complicated to understand for new learners, it might be best to just teach these as vocab items, which I think is an excellent idea. Using them naturally in lessons or conversations with the students is another good way of showing them how they can be used in various contexts.
