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In this unit the lesson went over modals, phrasal verbs, relative clauses and the passive voice. Modal auxiliary verbs are used to express different degrees of formality. Some basic rules of modals are: can, could, may, might, should, shall, would, must, have to, have got to, needn't and ought. Some different ideas that are expressed are obligation, probability, permission, ability and advice. Modal verbs also don't change in form according to person and are followed by a verb in its base form. A good teaching idea for a lesson would be role play. A good example that was given was a doctor and patient using modals.
The next section was over the passive voice. This is defined as an object of an active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb. The difference between active and passive is that in active has the focus on the agent. Only transitive verbs are used in the passive. An example of active voice: I painted the house yesterday. Passive: The house was painted yesterday. The main usage for passive voice is when something is not known, not important, or we don't want to say exactly who performs the action. A good idea for teaching this would be to write a general knowledge quiz using passive and active examples.
The next topic was relative clauses which went over three different categories: Independent clause, Dependent clause and Relative clause. Independent clause is a complete sentence that contains the main subject and a verb. Dependent is not a complete sentence and must be connected to an independent clause. Relative is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes, identifies or gives further information about a noun. A subsection under relative clause is defining and non-defining. A defining clause makes clear which person or thing we are talking about. A non-defining is not essential to the meaning of the sentences and commas are critical to indicate this.
The last part of the lesson went over phrasal verbs. These consist of a verb plus one or two particles that operates as one item. There are three different types: intransitive, transitive separable and transitive inseparable. Intransitive phrasal verbs can't be followed by a direct object. Transitive phrasal verbs have an object pronoun that can only come between the verb & particle. Transitive, the object phrase or object pronoun both come after the particle.
