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Conditional sentences and reporting speech are two more advanced topics when it come to teaching English as a foreign language. Conditionals are sentences that "if" or "when" expressions and can refer to the past, present, and future. It is important to note that conditionals contain a condition that has to be satisfied. This is further explained by the unit presenting example sentences. There are five main conditionals: zero, first, second, third, and mixed. Each type of conditional has its own combinations of tenses, verbs, and conditional verbs to achieve its full effect. The unit suggests split sentences, chain conditionals, complete the conditional, and more types of games as ideas to motivate the students.
Reporting speech as another large factor of this unit. When reporting what someone has said, it is important to know that the direct speech will more than likely change tense. For example, present simple will change to past simple while past simple will change to past perfect. Of course, there are exceptions to every rule. Time expressions are also modified if reporting on the past or future. The word "today" could become "that day," "tomorrow" becomes "the next day," and "yesterday" can become "the day before." It is important to understand that there are a large number of mistakes students can make with this entire topic. Several types of words are being changed such as tenses, patterns, pronouns, questions, time expressions, etc.
