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Modal/phrasal verbs and passive voice are advanced topics for the English learner and may take a while to comprehend. Modal auxiliary verbs express a few different ideas such as obligation, possibility, permission, ability, and advice just to name a few. They can also express a degree of formality. It is also important to note that modal verbs are followed by verbs in their base form. Some auxiliary modal verbs to note are may, might, need to, must, have to, have got to, should/ought to, should, can, could, be able to, and would. Again, these verbs can express certain things like requests, preferences, ability, level of certainty, and necessity.
In the English language, there are two types of voicing: active and passive. With active voice, the focus is on the agent (who is performing the action). In passive voice, the object of the active verb becomes the subject and the agent becomes much less important. Though using a sentence in both active and passive voice will have the same meaning, the focus is different. The unit provides a helpful chart explaining what a tense's passive formation will be. It is important to note that a past participle is used with each transition.
A clause is a group of words that contain a subject and a verb. There are three categories of these clauses. An independent clause is a complete sentence that contains the main subject and verb of a sentence. Dependent clauses are not in complete sentences and must be connected to an independent clause. And finally, a relative clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It gives it a further description or identity. A defining relative clause gives essential meaning to a sentence where a non-defining relative clause in not essential. These can be taken out of a sentence and the sentence will still maintain its structure.
Phrasal verbs consist of a verb plus one or two particles. There are three types of phrasal verbs: intransitive, transitive separable, and transitive inseparable. With intransitive, the phrasal verbs cannot be followed by a direct object. In transitive separable, an object pronoun can only come between the verb and the particle. Finally, transitive inseparable phrasal verbs have to have the object phrase or object pronoun both come after the particle. Teachers should use phrasal verbs during natural conversation with the students so they can understand their use.
