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€Intonation:
Definition~ the variation in volume and pitch in a whole sentence.
Pattern~ rise/fall~ indicates argreement, Finishing of what you want to say
fall/rise~ indicates surprise , disagreement and the speaker wants the person to whom he is speaking to respond or confirm.
Basically Flat~ indicates the speaker does not have that much to say and perhaps doesn’t want to communicate.
Techniques~ Nonsense words
By gesture
Humming or singing
The board
€Stress:
The strong part is the stressed word.
Rules~ one word has only one stress.
Only syllables can be stressed.
Stress on first syllable~ Most 2-syllable nouns & most 2- syllable adjective
Stress on last syllable~ Most 2-syllable verb
Stress on penultimate syllable~ words ending in -ic, words ending in -sion & -tion
Stress on ante-penultimate syllable~ ending in -cy -ty -phy -gy
Compound word~ nouns ~ the first part
adjective~ the second part
verb ~ the second part
In normal speech, rule is that only the vital syllables in the words conveying the essential information are stressed.
Words are unstressed ~ auxiliary verb, articles, similarly pronouns and prepositions.
Techniques~contrastive stress, by gesture, choral work, the board, stress marks.
€Sound joining: Linking, sound dropping, sound changing, extra lettering
€Phonemic symbols: consonants ( voiced, unvoiced) , vowels, diphthongs
€Manner of Articulation:
Plosives, Fricative,affricative, nasal, lateral, approximate.
Techniques~ peer dictation, your own mouth, visuals,phonemes, tongue twisters.
