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Future Tenses:
FUTURE SIMPLE = [subject] + [will/shall] + [base form verb]
[speculations] "You'll go bankrupt if you carry on." "No I won't."
[spontaneous] "I'll go now."
[predictions] "Forecast says it will snow all day today."
[threats] "I will punnish him for that."
[shall/may/might] What shall we do with this? Shall we go?
I might not go home now... You may find it under the pillow.
TEACHING IDEAS
- (Role-play) Fortune telling.
- (Pair work) Predicting what others will be like in X years.
- (Groups) "What will you take?" going on safari/camping.
- (Pair work) "What will you do when you win the lottery?"
FUTURE CONTINUOUS = [subject] + [will + be] + [present participle verb(ing)]
"At 11am tomorrow I will be baking cookies." [an action in progress at a particular future time].
TEACHING IDEAS
- (Pair work) Arranging diaries/dates ... "What will you be doing at 3.00pm on Friday?"
"Can I come for coffee?" [Rejection] "No, I'll be working." "Saturday?"
[Rejection] "No, I'll be taking my son to the dentist, etc."
- (Pair work) Illustrative situations ... Give a scenario in text or picture form and with
questions ...
"What is the ___ doing?" "What will ___ be doing when ___?"
FUTURE PERFECT = [subject] + [will + have] + [past participle verb]
"By Friday we will have completed our project."
Action in the future... that will completed BEFORE a point in the future
['By' Friday - point in the future] ... [will have completed BEFORE - action in the future]
TEACHING IDEAS
- (Pair work) Fill in future diaries and students ask elicit questions in the
future perfect tense.
e.g. "I'm in town, will you have time for coffee on [date]?"
- (Pair work) Inventing a successful future career.
e.g. Student partners tell each other about their goals and what they will have
done by certain time.
Students will need to explain by which [date] they will have done certain things
to reach their end goal.
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS = [subject] + [will + have + been] + [past participle verb(ing)]
At 12pm tomorrow, she'll have been dancing for 18 hours straight.
duration of an action BEFORE a point in the future
[point in the future = 12pm tomorrow] and [duration of activity up until that point = have been dancing for 18 hours]
TEACHING IDEAS
- (Groups) Survey = "How long have you been doing an activity?"
e.g. learning English, playing football, living in your present house]
- (Pair work) "What will [famous person] be like today?" "Be doing today?"
BE GOING FUTURE (INFINITIVE) = [subject] + [aux. verb 'to be'/present are/am/is] + [going + to] + [verb(base form)]
"He's going to school tomorrow." [FUTURE]
[Intentions] "I'm not going to sleep yet."
[Predictions with evidence] "I hear it's going to snow tomorrow."
[Predictions without evidence] "You know what? I'm going to book my ticket later."
TEACHING IDEAS
- (Groups) Making party plans and sharing invitations.
Inviter asking "Are you going to come to my party?"
"Are there going to be a lot of people?", "I'm going to bring [type of food]."
- (Groups/Pair work) [young learners] "What are you going to be when you grow up?
[older learners] ...plan successful 'future' careers.
- (Groups) Predictions (based on evidence/facts) e.g. weather forecast, global issues, etc.
THE PRESENT SIMPLE = [subject] + [verb(base form)]
"The train leaves in five minutes." [FUTURE application]
[Habitual] "I wake up happy every morning."
[Historical] "John won the marathon in 1997."
[Present stories] "So, I open the door and my mad dog bolts out."
TEACHING IDEAS
- (Groups/Pair work) Compiling and sharing a bus/train timetable
e.g. "Is there a bus departing from Manchester to London at 8.30 am?"
"No, but there is a bus leaving at 9 am to London."
- (Pair work) Writing a press release about my business' future plans.
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS = [subject] + [aux. verb 'be'] + [present participle verb(ing)]
The present continuous is used for [future arragements] e.g. planners, diaries, journals
"We are meeting you at the end of this month."
"Jenny and I are going on a date tonight."
"I'm convinced now."
TEACHING IDEAS
- (Groups/Pair work) Diaries/schedules = any activities ... to dairise future activities,
e.g. Blank diaries given to students for completion... Try find a time when both are
free to meet for lunch, go to cinema, etc ...
"What are you doing on the Sunday 12th?" "I'm attending a church meeting."
- (Pair work) Secretary/client role-play = Client trying to make an appointment to see
a busy boss.
