Meadow Acres, Delaware TESOL Online & Teaching English Jobs

Modals, Passive Voices, Relative Clauses and Phrasal Verbs 1. MODALS (can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, ought to, etc) *** Modals express 'ideas' and are used BEFORE other 'verbs' to add meaning to the main verb. USAGE: ability, advise, obligation, permission, possibility/probability, prohibition, deduce, etc. - [Both future/present] modal verbs are followed by base form verb, e.g. I may stay, you might stay, he would stay, we should stay. - [Past tense] may express more than one meaning. ACTIVATE IDEAS: Profession/Customer Role-play e.g. parent/teacher/dietician vs child/patient/client Rules and Regulations e.g. road signs, library, holiday camping/caravan parks, wildlife safari 2. PASSIVE VERBS FORM: Auxiliary verb 'be' + past participle [tense ALWAYS same] TENSE PASSIVE INFORMATION Present simple is/are + past participle Present continuous is/are being + past participle Present perfect have/has been + past participle Past simple was/were + past participle Past continuous was/were being + past participle Past perfect had been + past participle Future simple will be + past participle Future continuous will be being + past participle Future perfect will have been + past participle Going to' future going to + past participle I chose the verb 'bite' and had to research for the correct 'past participle'. However, I will opt for another verb so as not to confuse my students any further. 'Bit' vs 'Bitten' while doing my sample passive voice... Bit is the past tense of the verb bite. Bitten is usually the past participle. Still, even though bitten is conventional in such uses, bit is sometimes used as the past participle. The dog bites Pat Pat is bit by the dog The dog is biting Pat Pat is being bitten by the dog The dog has bitten Pat Pat has been bitten by the dog The dog bit Pat Pat was bit by the dog The dog was biting Pat Pat was being bitten by the dog The dog had bitten Pat Pat had been bitten by the dog The dog will bite Pat Pat will be bit by the dog The dog will be biting Pat Pat will be bitten by the dog The dog will have bitten Pat Pat will have been bitten by the dog The dog is going to bite Pat Pat is going to be bitten by the dog ACTIVATE IDEAS: Matching phrases game or general knowledge quizzes 3. RELATIVE CLAUSES Independent, dependant or relative clauses. e.g which, who/whom, that, whose **Independent = complete sentence = [subject + verb] **Dependant = incomplete sentence = [has to be connected to 'independent' clause] **Relative = like dependant but... noun is modified = [describes 'noun'/adjective clause] the way to introduce the 'relative clause' is by using words such [which, that, who, etc] Defining Relative clause makes the 'noun' [person/thing] clear without commas. Non-Defining Relative clause requires commas, [information in-between is not essential], as the meaning of the sentence remains the same. 4. PHRASAL VERBS (multi-word verbs) [verb + 1 /or 2 particles] Preposition = on, off, under, up, down, through, top, over, etc. Particles = [a preposition] or [adverb + preposition] = ONE item *** TYPE 1 - INTRANSITIVE e.g I get up early. [NOT be followed by 'direct object'] *** TYPE 2 - TRANSITIVE SEPARABLE e.g He turned her down. (he rejected her) [Object pronoun comes BETWEEN/AFTER verb and particle] *** TYPE 3 - TRANSITIVE INSEPARABLE e.g. Susan ran out of butter for her baking. [2 Particles = adverb + preposition] No doubt, I will be using phrasal verbs in conversation so that my students naturally pick them up and start using them too.