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Unit 8 is concerned with the future tenses. The seven most common are the future simple, future continuous, the future perfect, the future perfect continuous, be going + infinitive, the present simple and the present continuous. This unit looks at the form, usage, student mistakes/errors and teaching ideas of the future tenses.
The future tense is formed by adding the subject plus verb(ex: I shall/will, you will, he/she/ it will, we shall /will, they will + verb) the negative ( I will not/ shall not, you will not), question (shall/will I? will you? etc.), negative question (will/shall I not?, will you not?, or won’t/ shan’t I ? etc.)The future simple tense is used stating future facts (ex: he’ll be 21 in June), promises and predictions (based on no present evidence, as apposed to `be going to‘) ex: It’ll rain before morning. Future simple is also used when making an assumption or speculation (ex: what will happen in next weeks episode? They’ll have to sell the house, I expect.), making spontaneous decisions and threats. It should be noted that shall is frequently used in making suggestions, invitations etc. when used in the affirmative form it becomes more formal. On the other hand `will‘ is generally used to express a stronger intention, coercion, or determination. Confusion between “be going to” and the future simple is a common mistake for students ex: Sunday I will to go on a picnic. Fortune telling, winning the lottery – what will you do? Predicting what other swill be like in` x‘ years and songs are all good ideas for teaching the future tense in the class.
The future continuous is formed (subject + will + be + verb + ing) while the affirmative (we’ll be waiting for you, they will…etc). the question form of the future continuous also has yes/no response (ex: will you be holding a rose? Yes, I will/no, I won’t) will the negative formed by saying “I won’t be…” Etc. the future continuous can be used to say that something will be in progress at a particular moment in the future, to predict the present, to say what we think or guess what might be happening, for polite enquiries referring to other people and to refer to future events which are fixed or decided ( without suggesting personal intention). The idea that the action will continue around a specific point in the future may cause confusion, while missing part of the structure is often a mistake they make. Illustrative situations and arranging/dates are activities which can be good ideas for teaching the future continuous.
The future perfect is formed by adding `will + have + past participle ‘. The negative (she will not have worked) while yes/no question (will you have worked? Yes, I will or no, I won’t etc.) The future perfect tense is used to say that something will have been done, completed or achieved by a certain time in the future. The future perfect looks back on the past (a completed action) from a future stand point (ex: the builder says he’ll have finished the roof by Monday.) when making a sentence with the future perfect, an adverbial expression is used to signal a future event will be completed. Example: “By the end of the summer I will have completed the course.” The distinction between completion of the action by a certain time in the future and how long something will have continued for a certain time (future perfect continuous) must be made. To teach the future perfect continuous teachers can look at eliciting questions in the future perfect or asking students to choose a famous historical personage.
Future perfect continuous is formed by adding `will‘ plus `have‘ plus `been‘ plus verb plus -ing. The negative (ex: He will not have been working) while the yes/no questions, example: Will you have been working…? Yes, I will/No, I won’t. the future perfect continuous can be used to say how long something will have continued by a certain time, example: By the time you get there, I’ll have been working for years. ‘It should also be noted that the perfect continuous often includes n adverbial expression that begins `by‘. The form of the future perfect continuous can be disturbing to students. Teaching idea like question and answer: “how long have you been learning English/working//going to school… are good ways to teach the perfect continuous.
`Be going‘ plus the infinitive is formed (verb `to be‘ [present] + `going to‘ + base form of verb) Example: I am going to play football next week. It can be used to express one’s intentions, give predictions based on present evidence and plans. Since the `be going to‘ is frequently confused with the future simple, they are often taught along side each other so students can make out the differences. Exercises which can be used to teach this tense are asking your students to make holiday or birthday plans, make predictions based on evidence such as the weather forecast etc.
The present simple is like the present tense in form. It is used to suggest a more formal situation, for timetables and schedules and to suggest a more impersonal tone. Teaching ideas can range from discussing weekly timetables or writing press releases about your companies future plans.
When talking about the present continuous in the future you can refer to definite arrangements, example: We’re taking our holiday in July. Also for decisions and plans without a time frame, example: I’m leaving you. some teaching activities would include role-playing a secretary and client where the client is trying to make an appointment to see a busy boss.
