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One of the things I learned about in this unit is conditionals. The five main conditionals are as follows: A zero conditional sentence can be made by using two present simple verbs (one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause'. The zero conditional is used when a result will always happen. Example: If the temperature is 32 degrees Fahrenheit, water freezes. A first conditional uses the present simple after 'if' then uses the future simple in the other clause. The first conditional is used to talk about things that might happen in the future. Example: If it rains, we won't go to the park. A second conditional is used to talk about things that are unreal in the present or the future -- things that don't or won't happen. Example: If I were you, I would drive more carefully on this icy road. A third conditional is used to talk about unreal situations in the past, about things which did not happen in the past. Example: If it had snowed, we could have gone sledding. A mixed conditional combines a second conditional clause with a third conditional clause. It's most commonly formed by using if + past perfect, would + base form. A mixed conditional uses a hypothetical past action or state, and the hypothetical present consequence. Example: If I had spoken to her, I would be going to the prom tonight. The other thing I learned about in this unit is direct speech and reported speech. Direct speech is a direct quote from someone about something. Reported speech is the describing of what that someone said. Direct speech can be used in the present, past, or future tenses; whereas reported speech is always used in the past tense.