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This unit discussed modal auxiliary verbs, passive voice sentences, phrasal verbs and relative clauses. The nine modal verbs and several semi-modal verbs were identified, which modify main verbs to convey obligation / necessity, possibility / probability, permission / prohibition, ability, and advice in varying degrees of formality and certainty / force. Several examples of usage were considered. Passive voice sentences, created by adding the helping verb 'be' in the tense of the main active-voice verb + the past participle of the main verb, and moving the direct object to the subject position, were presented and several exercises provided to move between active and passive voice. Phrasal verbs, created by adding an adverb, preposition or both to a verb, were looked at in the three forms of 'intransitive' (w/o a direct object), 'transitive - separable' (where the direct object can be placed between the verb and particle(s)) and 'transitive - inseparable' (where the direct object cannot be placed between the verb and the particle(s)). Lastly, there was a brief overview of relative clauses, which generally begin with a relative pronoun and modify a noun (either subject or object) in the sentence. These clauses can be 'defining', adding essential information to the sentence, or 'non-defining', not adding essential information and set off from the rest of the sentence by commas. Phrasal verbs were new to me, but the entire unit was a good review of these points of grammar.