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The future tenses, like the present and past, have four basic forms and also include a few more forms that are commonly used to convey more nuanced meaning about future actions or plans.
First, the future simple tense is used to communicate facts, promises, or predictions (usually based on no present evidence). It is formed with the auxiliary "will" and the base form of the verb. "Shall" is sometimes used instead of "will" in more formal English.
The future continuous tense is largely used for actions that will be in progress at a certain future time. It is formed with the auxiliary "will," the verb "be," and adding "-ing" to the main verb.
The future perfect tense is used to communicate actions that will have been completed by a time in the future. It is formed with the auxiliaries "will + have" plus the past participle of the main verb.
The future perfect continuous tense communicates an action that will have been ongoing by a time in the future. It is formed with three auxiliaries: "will + have + been" and adding "-ing" to the main verb.
All of the four above tenses form their negatives by inserting "not" after the "will" and their question forms by inverting the subject of the sentence with the "will."
The "going to" future tense is similar to the future simple tense but is used to communicate definite future plans or predictions based on present evidence. It does not make use of the auxiliary "will," but rather uses "am/is/are + going + to" + the base form of the main verb. ("To" + main verb is known as the infinitive form of the verb.) Negatives and questions, therefore, use the auxiliary "am/is/are" instead of "will." Because there are similarities with subtle distinctions between "going to" and future simple, it is often helpful to teach these together to be able to point out appropriate usage.
Two present tense forms can be used to communicate the future: present simple and present continuous. They are formed without "will," just like the present tense. Present simple can communicate a more formal situation or timetables and schedules--"English class meets at 7:00 tomorrow." Present continuous is used for definite arrangements or future plans made without a time frame--"I am returning this defective clock to the store."
Activities must get the students talking and must demonstrate the differences in usage for certain scenarios. Discussions or role-playing about plans, hopes, or predictions about future life situations would work well, focusing on the specific type of future tense being learned in the lesson.
