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The present tenses:
1. Present simple:
*Form:
- Affirmative: Subject + base form (s/es)
- Negative: Subject + Aux.verb (do/does) + not + base form
- Question: Aux.verb (do/does) + Subject + base form
*Usages:
- Habitual or routine actions
- Permanent situations and fact
- Commentaries
- Directions and instructions
- Newspaper headlines
- Present stories
- Historical sequence
2.Present continuous
*Form:
- Affirmative: Subject + Aux"be"+ Verb + ing
- Negative: Subject + Aux"be"+ not+ Verb + ing
- Question: Aux"be"+ Subject + Verb + ing
*Usages:
- To talk about an action that is in progress at the time of speaking
- To talk about a temporary action that is not necessarily in progress at the time of speaking
- To emphasize very freequent actions
- Background invents in a present story
- To describe developing situations
- To refer a regular action around a point of time
3.Present perfect
*Form:
- Affirmative: Subject + Aux"have"+ Past participle
- Negative: Subject + Aux"have"+ not + Past participle
- Question: Aux"have"+ Subject + Past participle
*Usages:
- When we talk about finised actions/states that happened at an indefinitive time.
- When we are thinking about compeleted past actions carried out in an unfinished time period at the time of speaking.
- When we describe past actions with present results.
4.Present perfect continuous
*Form:
- Affirmative: Subject + Aux"have"+ been + Verb + ing
- Negative: Subject + Aux"have"+ not + been + Verb + ing
- Question: Aux"have" + Subject + been + Verb + ing
*Usages:
- To communicate an incomplete and ongoing activity when we want to say how long it has continued.
- To describe a recently finished, uninterrupted activity which has a present result.
I have learnt from this unit: When teaching for my students, i must pay attention to their mistakes in using tenses, the reasons why they made those mistakes and correct them.
