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There are four things that students need to know about the new language 1- to be exposed to it 2- understand its meaning 3- to know how it is constructed 4-to be able to practice and produce it .
We use ESA methods to introduce new language. For teaching grammar and vocabulary we use straight arrow ESA approach but for function based lessons we use boomerang or patchwork ESA structure
Teaching vocabulary very important for beginners as they are motivated to learn language and teacher should feed them with basic words.
How easy or difficult the word is depend on
1- similarity with L1
2-similarity to English words which we already know
3- spelling and pronunciation
4- Appropriacy
One of the biggest problem in teaching vocabulary is how to select which words to teach. In teaching vocabulary we should consider these items :
1-appropritate to students
2-appropriate to task
3-teachability
4-fequency and coverage
Students needs to know
1-meaning of word
2-usage
3-word grammar
4-spelling
5-pronanciation
We use Engage – study – and activate ( straight arrow of ESA )
For engage Phase :
1-realia
2-mime and action
3-contrast
4-discussion
5-discovery
6-picture
Study phase:
1-gap filling
2-word search
3-cross word
4-match exercise
5- example sentences
6-pronounciation and drilling
7-study from text and dialogue
For Activate phase
1-Small group or pair discussion
2-role play
3-simulation
4-story building
5-debate
6-material production task
Typical ESA grammar lesson: engage – activate- study – activate - study –activate
Typical ESA function lesson: engage –active- study –active
