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Unit 18 goes over modals, phrasal verbs, and passive voice.
Modals are used before other verbs to add meaning. They include can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, have to, have got to, need to, needn't, and ought to. They can express various ideas such as obligation, possibility, permission/prohibition, ability, or advice. They can also express degrees of formality.
For passive voice, objects of active verbs become the subject. Only transitive verbs are used in passive voice. Passive voice is used when the person or thing doing the action is unknown, not important, or when we don't want to mention who they/it is.
Relative clauses are dependent clauses that modify nouns. They are usually introduced by a relative pronoun such as who, which, that, whose, or whom. There are two types of relative clauses: defining and non-defining. Defining relative clauses contain essential information important to the meaning of the sentence. Non-defining relative clauses are not essential to the meaning of the sentence and can be taken out without changing the overall meaning.
Phrasal verbs are multi-word verbs that consist of a verb and another particle or two. There are three types: intransitive (1), transitive separable (2), and transitive inseparable (3).
Type 1 phrasal verbs cannot be followed by a direct object. Type 2 phrasal verbs can contain an object noun either between the verb and particle or after the particle (pronouns can only go in between). Type 3 phrasal verbs only allow object phrases or pronouns to come after the particle.
While this lesson contained a lot of grammar, these particular grammar points gave me a greater holistic understanding of basic English grammar.
