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Unit 16 – Conditionals and Reported speech. Conditionals are sentences which contain if/when which refers to the past, present and future possibilities. Conditionals usually contain an if clause and a main clause. Both the if and the main clause can be at the first part of the sentence. Conditional sentences usually consist of a condition with a consequence.
The five main types of conditionals are:
• Zero Conditional: Speaks of actions and facts that are irrefutable. This includes the use of if/when + present tense. If/when is used with no change in meaning.
• First Conditional: This type of sentence shows a real situation in the future that is possible. This includes the use of if + present simple, will (will can also be replaced by a modal verb).
• Second Conditional: This involves a present or future situation that is unreal. It is takes the form of if + past simple + (would/could/ might) + base form.
• Third Conditional: This refers to a hypothetical past action and hypothetical past consequence. It takes the form of if + past perfect+ (would/could/might) + have + past participle.
• Mixed Conditional: The mix refers to a hypothetical past action or state and the hypothetical present consequence. It takes the form of if + past perfect, would + base form.
