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Unit 4 talks about the types of present tense which is:The present simple, The present continuous(present progressive),The present perfect and the present perfect continuous. The present simple tense consist of the subject+ the base form of the verb [+s/es]. Some examples of the present simple tense are: .Commentaries .Habitual .Directions and Instructions .Newspapers and Headlines .Present stories The present continuous tense is made with the present simple tense of the auxiliary verb to be and the present participle(verb + ing). Some examples of the present continuous are: .To talk about an action in progress at the time of speaking .To emphasize very frequent actions .Temporary action that is not necessarily happening while speaking .Background events in a present day story .To describe developing situation .To refer to a regular action around a point of time The present perfect tense deals with the past to the present. It includes the subject + auxiliary verb "have"+ the past participle. Examples of the present perfect are: .Finished actions/states that happened at an indefinite time .Completed past action carried out at an unfinished time period at the same time of speaking. .When we talked about something which began in the past and is still true now, at the time of speaking (you don't know if its likely to continue or not) .When we describe past actions with present results The Present perfect continuous tense relates past activities to the present . It is made with the subject+ auxiliary verb have + been + verb+ ing. Some examples are: .To communicate an incomplete and ongoing activity, when we want to say how long it has continued .Describe a recently finished, uninterrupted activity which has a present result.