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Teachers usually don't give enough attention to pronunciation when teaching Egnlish due to it's difficulty. However, it is important for students to have a general understanding of the rules of pronunciation, phonetics, word and sentence stress, and intonation in order to facilitate communication.
Intonation is the change in the pitch and volume in the sentence and different patterns in intonation of the same sentence, can change its meaning. The most common pattern in intonation is the rise/fall pattern which mainly indicates that you have finished what you want to say, whereas the fall/rise pattern is used to express surprise or disagreement and that the speaker is expecting a response.
There are some techniques that can be used for teaching intonation, they include:
1) Nonsense words
2) gestures
3) Using the board
4) Humming or singing
Word stress is usually used to emphasis certain information within the sentence. That's why the stressed words are usually nouns, adjectives and verbs, while grammar words are often not stressed.
When a word contains more than one syllable, we stress one of these syllables. There are some general rules that indicate which syllable should be stressed.
1) For nouns and adjectives that have two syllables, the first syllable is stressed. On the other hand, the second syllable is stressed in the case of two-syllable verbs.
2) We stress the penultimate syllable when the word ends with -ic, -sion, or -tion
3) We stress the ante-penultimate syllable when the word ends with -gy,-ty,-phy,-al, -cy, and -ive
4) For compound nouns, the stress is on the first syllable, while the stress is on the second syllable for compound adjectives and verbs.
Techniques for teaching stress include the following:
1) Gestures
2) The board
3) Contrasive stress
4) Choral work
5) Stress marks
There are four ways for sound joining in English
1) Linking
2) Changing sounds
3) Dropping sounds
4) Adding sounds
A teacher can use visuals, peer dictation, the board, his own mouth, and tongue twisters to explain pronunciation to the students.
There are places of articulation from with different sounds are produced:
1) Velar
2) Dental
3) Labio-dental
4) Platal
5) Platal alveolar
6) Bilabial
7) Alveolar
8) Glottal
Manners of articulation include:
1) Plosive
2) Africate
3) Fricative
4) Lateral
5) Nasal
6) Approximant
