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This unit discussed different teaching methodologies, their principals, advantage, and disadvantages including:
1)Grammar-translation
2)Audio-lingualism
3)Presentation, practice, and production (PPP)
4)The silent way
5)The Lexical approach
6)Community language learning (CLL)
7)Communicative language teaching (CLT)
8)Suggestopedia
9)Task-based learning
It then introduced the ESA method, which comprises the following elements: "Engage, Study and Activate". Its most important aspect is elicitation, where students are engaged in classes and have as much speaking time as possible.
There are different types of ESA lessons based on the order and number of stages involved:
1)Straight Arrow ESA lesson:
It follows the following order: Engage > Study >Activate.
It is better suited for low-level students when the teacher knows what the students need to learn.
2)Boomerang ESA Lesson:
It Follows the following pattern: Engage > Activate 1 > Study > Activate 2.
It is more suitable for more complex language and it allows the teacher to predict the needs of the
students and thus introduce the necessary content in the study phase.
3)Patchwork ESA lesson:
The pattern used in this lesson is flexible as long as it starts with an engage phase and ends with an
activate phase.
It is suitable for students with a high level of English.
The Engage phase is simple a warmer phase for the students to become accustomed to English and get them involved in the class, activities for this phase can use flashcards, videos, stories and mime. The students shouldn't be corrected at this stage.
The Study phase is when new language concepts are introduced followed by providing students with controlled practice and giving them feedback.
The Active phase is when the students are encouraged to use the language that they already know as well as the language that they have acquired during the lesson. Activities of the active phase include role play, surveys, production, and debates.
It was then suggested which mistakes should be corrected, and the proper time for giving feedback and how it should be done.
