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Teaching English as a foreign language has come out of certain methods which have demonstrated effectiveness in the classroom. Methods such as task-based learning, communicative language teaching, community language learning, and presentation, practice, and production each have a certain emphasis on student based learning and problem solving using the English language. These methods challenge the students' ability and spontaneity using English in a controlled, safe environment. If these methods are working well the students should be put in a position where they can think in their own way about the language and how to use it, thus facilitating a natural fluency in the language.
A lesson plan for teaching EFL will involve three stages, engage, study, activate. These stages can be consecutive in that order or not depending on the needs of the lesson and level of the students. The engage phase is meant to get the students' attention and get their minds thinking in English, it does not necessarily have to reflect the lesson for the day. The study phase focuses on the lesson and learning correct usage of the information through exercises like worksheets. The activate stage allows the students to put what they learned together with what they already know and practice their English in a creative way.
Corrections of mistakes and errors should be dealt with delicately. Ultimately it is important to give positive feedback and praise as much as possible or necessary. The teacher should give the student the chance to correct themselves first. Correction should happen if the student is consistently making the same error and/or if other students are picking up on and repeating the same error. The teacher should always wait until the student has finished talking and had the chance to pick up on his/her mistake and correct it before the teacher corrects the student. Correction is most important in the study phase, and less important in the activate and engage phases where the goal is more about fluency than accuracy.
