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In this unit, I learned about conditionals and reported speech. I learned that conditionals are sentences containing if or when that refer to past, present or future possibilities and conditionals can be broken down into five main categories. The zero conditional is if/when + present tense, present tense and refers to actions that are irrefutable. The first conditional, if + present simple + will, refers to a situation in the future that is probable once the condition has been satisfied. The second conditional, if + past simple, would/could/might + base form, refers to a present or future situation that is not true and unlikely to ever be true. The third conditional, if + past perfect, would/could/might refers to a hypothetical past action and a consequent hypothetical result. A mixed conditional, if + past perfect, would +base form refers to a hypothetical past action and a consequent hypothetical present. In teaching conditionals, it is a good idea to use activities like split sentences, completing conditionals, chain conditionals, moral dilemmas for discussion, and role play.
In teaching how to change direct speech to reported speech, teachers should be aware of how tenses, pronouns and time expressions change. To teach reported speech, teachers can use media interview role plays, verb reporting and intermediary activities.
