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The English language has 12 verb tenses, which is a lot when compared to one verb tense of many asian languages and around three verb tenses of slavic languages. The 12 tenses are composed of 3 points in time: past, present, and future, and each each point in time is subdivided into 4 aspects: simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous. Unit 4 goes over all 4 present tenses, specifically the form, usages, typical student errors, and activate stage teaching ideas.
When considering student errors, it is important to think about: what kind of error or mistake, why it has been made, and how you would correct them. This is an important unit to refer to if/when I teach grammar.
Errors with present simple tense can occur in forming: third person plural, negative, question form, and there can also be error with “does not”+ verb - making the verb plural but it doesn’t need to be plural.
The continuous tense for the present often involves the -ing form of the verb. Some verbs are used in simple form but not in the continuous form. These are mainly the non-action verbs and are about senses, feelings/emotions, mental activity, possession.
The present perfect form is commonly used by native speakers but can be difficult for an English language learner. The present perfect is formed by joining the subject with "have/has" conjugated correctly and finally with the past participle form of the verb. Irregular past particle form of verbs will have to be memorized. There are special rules for using “for"(periods of time) vs “since"(day/dates) and “gone"(still happening) vs “been"(has happened) with present perfect.
The present perfect continuous form is used to talk about an activity that is likely to continue in the future or an activity that was in progress for some amount of time. The emphasis is on the action/activity, not on the completed task/result. When it comes to referring to a number of things, present perfect should be used rather than the present perfect continuous, i.e. I have worked 6 hours today.
