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Teaching pronunciation and phonology skills are prominent to the process of teaching English language. Pronunciation and phonology are deemed as integral parts to learners. While pronunciation is referred to how words are pronounced, phonology is concerned with the scientific study of how words are uttered. An effective teaching of English language includes the full implementation of apprising pronunciation, stress, rhythm and intonation systematically. Intonation is the way a pitch is being pronounced by the speaker. Intonation provides as well as changes meanings of words and/or sentences depending on how the pitch is uttered. Intonation consists of three major patterns, including rise/fall, fall/rise and flat intonations. Rise/fall intonation pattern is mainly used when people express agreement, disagreement, and emotion. It is also used when people want to ask questions. Alternatively, English speakers use fall/rise intonation pattern when expressing surprise and disagreement. Additionally, this pattern emphasizes on receivers’ response and/or confirmation to speakers during conversation. Lastly, flat intonation pattern indicates that the speaker is either uninterested in the talk being involved, or doesn’t have much to say. Stress is found in all multi-syllable words in English. Similar to intonation, stress alters the meaning of messages. Stressed words imply that the emphasis should be put on that stressed word. Determining stress is a slippery process. Therefore, it is preferable for teachers to apprise their student to detect stress from the rhythm and/or music of English language. In English language, there exist four main parameters of sound joining. Linking occurs when a sound of two words are connected and/or linked. While sound dropping happens when a sound is dropped, sound changing implies that a sound is changed by another sound. Lastly, sound lettering means when an extra sound is added to the original sound causing lettering process. Hence, it is of great significance to teach students the variety of sounds. Phonetically speaking, articulation, including place of articulation and manner of articulation, are prominent to pronunciation. Being aware of articulation enables teachers to be at ease while teaching pronunciation, intonation, stress and anything related to utterance. In so doing, it is advisable to use particular teaching techniques to improve their pronunciation effectively. In this regard, using visuals, peer dictation, body-language (particularly mouth) is prominent to the enhancement of learners’ pronunciation. It is noteworthy that teaching pronunciation is characterized by flexibility. This indicates that teachers are allowed to conduct pronunciation lesson either for the whole lesson, when it is required, or lesson slots. In effect, it is mandatory to teach accurate and healthy pronunciation along with its aspects to learners.
