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The second unit: parts of speech, was taught to me in shool, as I'm not a native English speaker. This unit explains the grammar rules of the different words we use in a sentence. These rules can be resumed in nine categories:
1. Nouns: are the names of places, objects, people, things... They can be countable (like cat(s) or foot(feet)) or uncountable (like rice for example). They can be classified as common (sister or home), proper (Pablo or Paris), concepts (beauty) and collective (sunshine).
2. Verbs: are the 'doing' word of a sentence. They describe an action (go or eat) or a state (feel or seem). For regular verbs, the past tense adds -ed, but there are quiet a few irregulars. Verbs can be in an infinitive form (to sleep or to be). And some are auxiliary verbs (be, have and do), who help form the sentence but don't translate the 'action'.
3. Adjectives: are words that describes nouns. For example: nice, pretty or intelligent. They can be comparatives (nicer, prettier or more intelligent) or superlatives (nicest, prettiest or most intelligent).
4. Adverbs: are words that give more detail about the action, adding information to the verb or another adverb. For example: slowly, often, extremly or thoroughly.
5. Pronouns: replace nouns or noun phrases. For example: I, her, yourself or whose.
6. Articles: can be definite: the, in case we talk about 'that specific one'; indefinite: a/an, when we talk about 'one of many more'; or the zero article, when we talk about general things.
7. Gerunds: seem like a verb in -ing form, but are used like nouns. For example: I love cooking for my family.
8. Preposition: are used to link nouns or pronouns with the rest of a sentence. For example: before, behind, on, at ...
9. Conjunctions: are used to link together groups of words in a sentence. For example: and, but, or, nor, yet ...
