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I have learned from this unit that teaching methods and theory specifically for language learning is a constant trial and error system. There is not just one way to teach a class, which is why it is important to be aware and familiar with every theory in order to incorporate it when necessary. For example, the classical method works well for beginners because it made sense to help the learner find a way to relate the new language to their native. This works for languages where the word order is the same. The biggest issue with this is that not every language is formatted the same way. When that is the case, another method would be more fitting. Audio-lingualism is the act of hearing the language over and over and conditioning the brain to hear what is said and be able to repeat. This mimics much of how someone learns their native language from a young age. Presentation, Practice and Production is one that I am most familiar with in a language classroom as there were a lot of days where this was the method being used. This allows for explanation by the teacher, controlled practice by the students, and creative production that supports the lesson of the day. This is especially helpful in lower-level learning courses. So many more theories have been incorporated in the past, but there seems to be one that has proven most effective. The ESA method can be considered a formula of sorts to properly and comfortably ease a student into a new language. Engaging a student in an activity right away will diminish any nervousness or anxiety they might have. It breaks the ice and shakes away the jitters. During this stage, most interaction is done between the students having the teacher as the initiator. The second phase is the Study stage where any errors made in the first phase can be ironed out and discussed further, so they do not continue. The activate stage is when the student can put their newly learned knowledge to good use. There are many different activities specific to each phase that will enhance the learning environment and allows the student to better remember the material. One important thing to remember throughout the entire lesson is to involve the student as much as possible. The act of elicitation keeps the student's head in the classroom and encourages them to constantly be thinking about the language in and outside of the classroom.
