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Unit 4 recaps the rules of conjugation, usages and ideas for activities for the four present tenses.
1. The Present Simple: is used to descriebe current situations (it rains), facts (the Earth turns around the Sun), instructions (you clean up first), habits (I drink milk every morning)... The structure for the affirmative form is: subject + base form of the verb (I go / she eats), the question form: auxiliary verb 'do' + subject + base form (do I clean up? / does it move?), and the negative form: subject + 'do' + not + base form (I do not sleep / He doesn't drive). Exercises for the activate stage of the lessons could be questionnaires or guessing the fictional job of a student (with a limited amount of questions for the others).
2. The Present Continous: is used to describe events currenty happening (he is locking out the window), events tacking place around the time of speaking (I'm watching a documentary series these days), developing stories (it is getting sunnier)... The structure for the affirmative form is: subject+ auxiliary verb 'be' conjugated in present simple tense + verb in present participle form (we are going to the movies), the question form: 'be' + subject + verb in -ing form (am I doing this part?), and the negative form: subject + 'be' + not + verb in -ing form (you aren't listening). Things that could be done during the activate stage include describing pictures with actions or miming.
3. The Present Perfect: is used to describe actions started in the past at indefinite times (I have lived on an island before), finished actions in an uncompleted time period (it has rained today), past actions with current repercussions (he has lost his keys)... The structure of the affirmative form is: subject + auxiliary verb 'have' in present tense + verb in past participle form (he has described it aas a monster), the question form: 'have' + subject + past participle (have you eaten yet?), and the negative form: subject + 'have' + not + past participle (they haven't had bread today). Activities for the activate stage could be a role-play of a job interview or a questionnaire (what have you done today?).
4. The Present Perfect Continuous: is used to show how long an ongoing activity has been going on (Lucas has been exercising every day for over a year) or describing recently finished actins with present results (they won because they've been practicing a lot for it). Affrirmative form is structured as following: subject + auxiliary verb 'have' + 'be' in the past participle form } verb in the present participle form (he has been doing this for years), the question form: 'have' + subject + been + verb in -ing form (have you been doing this since the beginning?), and the negative form: subject + 'have' + not + been + verb in -ing form (I haven't been watiching the dance). Some examples of things to do during the activate phase could be doing a survey (who has been doing something for the longest) or a student knwos what they did and explains the current result, others try to find what happened before.
