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In this unit we learnt how to teach vocabulary, grammar and language functions. A vocbulary item can be learnt easily or difficultly which depends on: similarity to students' own language\English words already known. First of all in selecting the appropriate vocabulary it's important to consider the folliwing: appropriacy to the student/task, frequency and coverage, teachability. Students need to know meaning, use, word grammar, interaction, spelling and pronunciation of a vocabulary item. A teacher has to consider and choose the following methods on each stage to have a successful class for vocabulary: engage stage (realia, mime and action, pictures, contrast, discussion, discovery), study stage (gap-fill exercises, word searches, crosswords, matching exersices, example sentences, pronunciation exersices, study from texts and dialogues), activate stage (open class, pair discussion, role-play, simulation, story building, material production tasks, debate). It's good to be creative in choosing the teaching methods to make the classes interesting. A choice of a new grammatical structure will be determined by the level of the class and the course syllabus. Students will need to know meaning, use, forms and patterns, spoken and written form of the grammatical structure. A teacher has to be fexible and creative in selecting the methods on each stage to have a successful class for grammatical structures: engage stage (discussion, scenario building, prompting, question and answer, using pictures, drawings, real objects, mime, etc.), study stage (intonation and pronunciation patterns, looking at the language in context through texts and dialogues, drilling, gap fills, information gaps, sentence word order activities, sentence building), activate stage (communication games, role-play, story building, discussion/debate). It's useful to teach not only grammar and vocabulary but also language functions which include such areas as inviting, refusing, agreeing and disagreeing, suggesting, etc. Language function lessons will stress the need for activation of language. A teacher should decide what type of lesson would be more appropriate for teaching grammar, vocabulary or language functions: 'straight arrow', 'boomerang', 'patchwork'. It's better to use patchwork or boomerang type ESA lesson for teaching language functions.
