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In this unit we studied the present tenses, which are: Present simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous. We need to understand the usage of each tense, formation in order to help our students. In the Present Simple affirmative sentences are formed in this way: subject+base form [+s/es], negative sentences: subject + aux.verb 'do'+not+base form, questions: aux.verb 'do' +subject + base form). Present simple is used to tell about habitual or routine actions, permanent situations or facts, commentaries, directions and instructions, newspaper headlines, present stories, historical sequence. In the activate stage we can use the following activities: find someone who... , questionnaires, a day in the life of... , guess my profession, information-gap and others. The present continuous tense is made with the present simple tense of the auxiliary verb 'to be' and the present participle (verb plus -ing) of the main verb. We need to remember that most non-action verbs are not normally used in the continuous form. The present continuous tense is used to talk about an action that is in progress at the time of speaking, to talk about temporary action, to emphasize very frequent actions, to tell about background events in a present story, to describe developing situations, to refer to a regular action around a point of time. A good way to get students to use the present continuous is to provide them with different information in the form of graphs, charts or table. On the activate stage we can use mime, pictures of actions, pictionary, present continuous brainstorming, noises, picture dictation, time zones etc. The present perfect relates the past to the present and is formed in this way: subject + have/has + the past participle. It is used when we talk about finished actions/states that happened at an indefinite time, when we are thinking about completed past actions carried out in an unfinished time period at the time of speaking, when we talk about something which began in the past and still true now, when we describe past actions with present results. many of the past participles are irregular which should be memorized. On the activate stage we can use the following activities: find someone who..., What have you done today?, cahnge the room, song U2, role-play - job interview. The present perfect continuous tense relates past activities to the present and is formed by auxiliary verb 'have/has', the past participle of the verb 'be' and the present participle (verb plus -ing) of the main verb. It's used to communicate an incomplete and ongoing activity, when we want to say how long it has continued; to describe a recently finished, uninterrupted activity which has a present result. With the present continuous tense, the emphasis is on the action/activity, not the result/completed action. On the activate stage a student takes a piece of paper with a past activity and a result written on it and tells other students the result to guess the activity.
