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This unit covers the conditional tenses and reported speech. There are different patterns for the conditionals. First, we have zero conditional. It’s used to talk about true situations. Example: if you cut your finger, it bleeds. The present simple is used in this conditional, and when can be used to replace if. The usages for this are as follows; scientific facts, general issues, and situations that are certain to happen.
The first conditional. Structure is; if+ present simple, will/ might/may/could + base form of the verb. For example; if I study hard, I will past the exam. And we use it for probable result of possible future situation, promise, threat or warning, and back up plans.
The second conditional is formed by if +simple past, would/could/might+ base form. example if I met the president, I would ask for a photo. The past continuous can also be used after if. E use it for dreams, fantasies, and hypothetical situations.
The third condition is formed by if +past perfect, would/ could/ might + have+ past participle. Example if I had studied well, I would have gotten better grades. This conditional tense can be used for regrets, and excuses.
The last one is mixed conditional, which deals with the present result of imaginary situations in the past. The structure is if+ past perfect would/ could/ might+ base form. Example if I had taken my online courses a bit earlier, I would be free now.
For reported speech, we usually change the grammatical tense. For example the present changes to past ant the past changes to past perfect, and so on.
