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In this unit the present verb tense is explained by each of it's four aspects; the simple form, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous. In the present simple form, the subject is followed by the base form of the verb to describe habitual action, permanent situations/facts, directions, present stories, historical sequences, commentaries, and newspaper headlines. The present continuous uses the same sentence format but adds the auxiliary verb "to be" before the present participle (verb base form + ing). This form is used when action is in progress, discussing frequent action, the background events in a story, to describe developing situations, or to refer to regular action at a particular time. The present perfect includes the subject, followed by the auxiliary verb "to have", followed by the past participle. It's used when talking about completed actions that were carried out in an unfinished time period at the time of speaking, or something that began in the past and is still true now. It's often used to describe past actions with present results. It can also include words such as "for", "since", "been", and "gone" when referring to periods/points of time or a finished/occurring trip. The present perfect continuous is the same as the present perfect but adds the word "been" after the auxiliary verb 'to have". This form is used to communicate an incomplete and ongoing action. Or an action that has been continuing for a long time, or that has recently finished.