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This unit speaks to theories, methods, and techniques. There are several methods and techniques used to teach a language. These include grammar translation, audio linguism, presentation, practice and production, task-based learning, communicative language teaching, the silent way, suggestopedia and the lexical approach.
Grammar Translation- The most commonly used method. The teacher must know both the native and the second language. It is a system of translation hence the students will learn about the language and not the language itself.
Audio-linguism- This teaching/learning methodology suggests that learning is a result of habit formation through conditioning. Therefore there is a lot of repetition through which students will be conditioned to use the language correctly.
Presentation, Practice and Production- The teacher presents the content and situation for the language and explains and demonstrates the meaning and form of the new language. The students will then practice making sentences with the language, then go on to the production stage where they become more familiar with and creative with the language.
Task-Based- Students are given a task to complete while using the English Language. Upon completion, the teacher will make the necessary feedback to correct problems foreseen during the execution of the task.
Communicative Approach- In this approach, students use the language in real-life situations, therefore, a lot of role-playing and stimulation is done.
Community Language Learning- This method is student-centred. The students sit in a circle and decide what they want to talk about. The teacher sits outside of the circle and assists with problems or errors that arise during the discussion.
The Silent Way- The teacher asks as the facilitator while students discover the language for themselves. Cuisenaire rods are used to represent different aspects of English Language.
Suggestopaedia- In order for learning to be more effective students must be comfortable and confident. This method has three parts. First, an oral review of the previous lesson. Then, presentation and discussion of the new language. Lastly, the students listen to relaxing music while the teacher reads the new dialogue.
The Lexical approach- This approach argues that words and phrases are far better building blocks for acquiring a language than grammatical structure.
There are many methodologies to teaching the English Language each has its pros and cons. In conclusion, the teacher should use various methods making sure that the students are exposed to the language as much as possible and allowing them to discover the language for themselves.
