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Unit 2 on Theories, methods and techiniques has 5 parts.
1. Teaching Methods like Grammar-translation, Audio – lingualism, Presentation, practice & Production (PPP), Task-based learning.
2. The Engage stage is when students get together to discuss issues/ topics. Every student communicates in English and they should not be corrected.
Repeated mistakes should be noted and dealt with in the Study stage. The aim is to have a high student talk time with everyone contributing. Use of open handed gesture to call a student is encouraged, not just point.
This stage should be fun to reduce inhibitions and engage the students.
The Study stage uses worksheets to check student understanding and to elicit as much as possible from the students after the teacher has shown examples to them.
Drilling should be 3x3 i.e. 3 times chorally as a class followed by 3 individually.
The teacher can show an example on the board, eliciting the correct answer from students before handing out the work material. The teacher should not interrupt them once the exercise is started.
Let other students give feedback first before the teacher reviews their answers.
Exercises can be shortened if needed but inform the students which parts to do.
The Activate stage is to encourage students to be creative with English knowledge. Allow flexibility.
Once activity has started, the teacher should monitor without interruption.
Feedback and correct as necessary. Feedback helps us to know if the lesson has been understood and if further clarification is needed in future lessons.
All students should participate.
3. Straight Arrow ESA is for the lower level of English level, Boomerang ESA is for the intermediate level and Patchwork ESA is for the more advanced level.
4. Giving feedback is to encourage self-awareness and improvement. The teacher should always look out for positive points to comment.
5. Correction techniques are needed and praising the student is important in correcting.
Correction codes can be used like (s) for spelling, (wo) for word order, (t) for wrong tense, (s/p) for wrong usage of singular/ plural form, ^ for something is missing. [ ] for not necessary, (m) for meaning is not clear, (na) for not appropriate usage, (p) for wrong punctuation.
