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There are sentences containing ‘if’ (or sometimes ‘when’) which refer to past, present and future possibilities. There are two clauses: the ‘if’ clause and the main clause. The ‘if’ clause contain the condition that has to be satisfied before the action or state in the main clause can be realised. The main clause expresses the consequence. The five main conditionals are: zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional, third conditional and mixed conditional. Each has its own form and usage. Sometimes the teachers and students can get confused about the complex structures with conditionals. Many students may find it hard to see the difference in usage between the 1st and 2nd conditionals, or 3rd and mixed conditionals. Some activate stage teaching ideas: split sentences, complete the conditional, chain conditional, What a question!, nuclear bunker, What would happen if…? Reported speech is used when we report the direct speech of somebody. There are few things that we have to pay attention to: verb tenses and using the reporting verb; changing the pronouns which depending on the context or the spokesperson; backshifting both in time and physical position. All of the above are usually the enormous difficulty which the students can be confused about. The golden rule to teach this part is to take one step at a time - do it slowly and thoroughly. Some activate stage teaching ideas: intermediaries, reporting verbs, media interviews.