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Past tenses relate to past time periods and is quite similar to present tenses. There are four aspects of the past tense including past simple, past continuous, past perfect and past perfect continuous.
Past simple tense is used for actions completed at a definite time in the past. It can be recognized by the words ago, yesterday, the previous day, last + ‘a point of time in the past’, etc. and the verb used in the sentence is in past form (verb_ed/d or irregular simple past verbs). There are no rules for irregular verbs so the students have to learn by heart.
The past continuous is used for interrupted past actions, actions without a time expression which can indicate gradual development that took place in the past, actions which began before that time and probbably continued after it, or in descriptions. It is required to have some form of time reference in this tense except for the gradual development usage.
Past perfect tense is applied for completely finished actions from another past viewpoint (‘the past in the past’). Story telling is one of the teaching ideas for Activate stage.
The past perfect continuous is used to talk about longer actions or situations in the past that had been going on continuously up to the past moment that we are thinking about. And we have no idea whether or not it continued after. Students usually made mistakes/errors by leaving out ‘had’ or ‘been’, or failure to add ‘ing’ to the main form. In addition, it is easily confused with the past perfect which stresses finished actions while the past continuous implies that the action happened around a time and not just up to that time.
