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In this unit, I refreshed my knowledge and learned a bit more about modals, phrasal verbs and passive voice. This unit also covers their usages, teaching ideas for presenting them in the classroom and difficulties that students and teachers may encounter regarding these grammar points.
We use modals to add meaning to the main verb usually by expressing obligation, possibility/probability, permission/prohibition, ability and advice. Additionally, they can be used to express differing degrees of formality depending on various situations, for example, in case we want to put something across more politely. In teaching modals, some helpful activities include roleplay, rules and signs.
Passive voice can be used to shift the focus of the sentences, frequently when the performer of an action is not known, not important or not spoken of. It is important to note that only transitive verbs are used in the passive, as it is impossible to use intransitive verbs like happen, sleep, come and seem. Also, perfect continuous sentences are not normally used in the passive. To teach the passive voice, teachers can use matching active/passive sentences and writing a general knowledge quiz using passive voice.
Relative clause can be defining (the information given is essential to the meaning of the sentence) and non-defining (the information given is not essential to the meaning of the sentence). Commas play a crucial role in non-defining relative clauses. We can take the clause between the commas out of the sentence without changing the basic information conveyed by the sentence.
Lastly, phrasal verbs consist of a verb and one or two particles that operate as one item. Intransitive phrasal verbs cannot be followed by a direct object. Transitive separable phrasal verbs contain an object pronoun that can only come between the verb and the particle or an object noun that can come either between the verb and the particle or after the particle. Transitive inseparable phrasal verbs cannot be separated so the object phrase or object pronoun both come after the participle. Learning phrasal verbs can be challenging for students so I appreciate the advice to teach phrasal verbs as vocabulary items and choosing a particular subject to use.
