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Unit 2
Parts of speech
The unit is about the basic structure of the sentence,
? The basic form :subject + verb ,the doer of the action + the action , ex the school started
? Another form subject + verb + object ex , the boy plays football
1. Noun :
Common Proper Compound Abstract Collective
Park-cat Ahmed – Classroom-basketball Freedom- smoking Family - herd
? Plural : regular : cat – cats , fox-foxes , kiss- kisses, church-churches, dish-dishes, family-families
? Irregular: woman- women , tooth – teeth
? Countable, car , dog uncountable ; music , smoking
2. Adjectives: describe nouns such as places , people ,,,big house , blonde girl
? Comparison, 1. comparative
o Regular ; tall -taller than , thin –thinner than
o Difficult –more difficult than
o Irregular good- bad
2. superlative : tall – the tallest , Difficult – the most difficult
3. Article :
Indefinite A, An definite
Refer to any member of a group ,a before a constant sound , a ball , a university
Before single & plural particular or unique nouns, The earth , the white house
4. Verbs :
? action verbs ex : go , state verbs ex :hear
? transitive verbs : followed by objects ex, he cuts the paper , he makes the game
? intransitive verbs : not followed by objects , he travelled , she left
? infinitive verbs : after to , to go , to feel good
? verbs form , regular walk – walked –walked – walking
Irregular, go – went – gone – going
? Auxiliary verbs, help to form the tense but not the main action
5. Adverbs : adding meaning to an action , state ,quality
Manner Place Time Degree Frequency Comment Linking Viewpoint Adding/limiting
Hard, quickly Below, up Now ,later very Often, sometimes Actually Firstly Logically Only, too
6. Gerund : verb + ing , smoking , Going , Travelling
7. Pronouns : words replace nouns
Personal
Subject /object
He him
She her
I me
Possessive
His
Her
mine
Reflexive
Himself
Herself
myself
Relative
What
Which
that
8. Preposition :
? Shows relationship between noun or pronouns with other words in a sentence
? Types
o time , ex at , on
o Movement , into , through
o Place ,under, by
9. Conjunction , join words of the same class and , but, nor
? Join clauses of sentence :as soon as ,although
