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This unit examines the modal auxiliary verbs and the passive voice in detail, as well as briefly introduces the phrasal verbs and relative clauses.
Let's take a look at the modal auxiliary verbs first: these are words that express different ideas such as, ability, possibility, permission, obligation, request, advise and preference. They behave quite differently from regular verbs. They are used 'as is', never change with the tense used in the sentence and they are used with the base form of the following verb, never with the full infinitive form. When in negative, we use always use 'not' after the modals and never before them.
Great teaching ideas involving the modals are, various role plays or about rules and signs.
Secondly, let's talk about the passive voice. It is paramount to state that only transitive verbs can, and are used in the passive voice, never the intransitive verbs. The passive voice is used to show interest in the person or object that experiences the action, rather than the person or object that performs the action.
Forming the passive voice: the appropriate form of the verb 'to be' + past participle.
In a passive voice sentence the tense is indicated by the auxiliary verb 'be', versus an active voice sentence where the tense is shown by the main verb. We use the passive voice when we don't know or do not want to reveal who performed the action.
A teaching idea for the passive voice could be something like mixing up active/passive sentences and getting students to match them.
Phrasal verbs are multi-word verbs, a combination of a verb and an adverb or preposition (particles). They can be transitive or intransitive.
The intransitive phrasal verbs have no direct object while transitive phrasal verbs do.
The transitive phrasal verbs are either separable or inseparable and the transitive inseparable phrasal verbs can also have two particles - adverb + preposition.
The relative clauses: there are three categories of clauses - the independent clause, the dependent clause and the relative clause.
The two types of relative clauses are the defining and the non-defining relative clauses.
We use the defining relative clause to give essential information about someone or something- information that we need in order to understand what or who is being referred to. It is usually placed right after the noun it describes.
We use non- defining relative clauses to give extra information about the person or thing we are talking about. We always use a relative pronoun to introduce a non-defining relative clause.
