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In this lesson I learned about conditional sentences and reported speech.
Conditional speech has two parts, the 'if' clause and the main clause. The order of the clauses can be reversed, however the 'if' clause must always contain a condition that has to be fulfilled for the main clause to be a reality. There are five main kinds of conditionals including the zero conditional (utilizing the present tense), the first conditional (utilizing the present simple and will), the second conditional (utilizing the past simple, would/could/might, and the infinitive of a verb), the third conditional (utilizing the past perfect, would/could/might, have, and a past participle), and the mixed conditional (combining the second conditional and third conditional clause).
To teach this grammar structure, which can prove somewhat tricky or confusing, suggested exercises include splitting sentences, completing the blanks, and role play games.
The lesson also covers direct speech, which refers to, for example, when one person relays information about what another person said or their actions. When reporting, one will change the person/pronouns and possibly tense of the verb (in general, it becomes past tense, a phenomenon called 'backshifting').
This is also tricky to teacher. Recommended exercises include an exercise utilizing intermediaries or media interviews.
