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There are several modals, phrasal verbs, and clauses to consider in English. Modals are formal or informal verbs that express actions in passive voice. Passive voice is achieved when the ‘doer’ of the action is not important or specified. An example sentence would be the following: ‘Herman Melville wrote Moby Dick (active voice)’ to 'Moby Dick was written by Herman Melville (passive voice)’. We can also look at this sentence for phrasal verbs.
Phrasal verbs are multi-word verbs that have a verb plus one or two particle; either an adverb or a propositional phrase. There are three type of phrasal verbs to consider; transitive separable, transitive inseparable, and intransitive verbs. In the sentence ‘Moby dick was written by Herman Melville,’ we can say that this phrasal verb is intransitive (Moby Dick was written). It doesn’t matter who wrote the book, just that is was written. This sentence can be independent and does not need to be followed by a direct object.
An example of a transitive separable sentence is the following: 'She called the party off.' The transitive separable is when the object of the pronoun can only come between the verb and that particle. In this sentence, She is the subject/object; called off is the verb; and the party is the direct object. The verb has been separated from each other. With a transitive inseparable the object phrase or object pronoun will come after the particle. An example of this would be ‘Julia jumped off the diving board.’ Julia is the subject; the verb is jumped off, and the direct object is the diving board. We can never write this sentence as 'Julia jumped the diving board off.' Therefore, we know that this sentence is transitive inseparable because jumped off must stay together in order to allow the statement to make sense.
Lastly, we learned about relative clauses. Relative clauses can be defining or non-defining. With a defining relative clause the phrase is of importance and cannot be omitted. A defining sentence can be “This is the man who delivers the milk.” The ‘who’ clause is defining who the man is. Without this part of the sentence this is just the man. In non-defining clauses, the phrase can be separated by commas. An example of this is “Jody, who lives next door, has a cat I’m allergic to.” In this sentence the ‘who clause’ may be omitted (who lives next door).
If we consider these rules and understand them to the best of our abilities, the students we teach will be able to understand these elements as well. Let’s try to continue to observe and understand modals, phrasal verbs, and relative clauses in order for us to be better teachers.
