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There are four types of present tenses.
First is Present Simple. A basic sentence with Present Simple looks like this: Subject + Verb. Some examples of sentences include: I run. She eats eggs for breakfast. Does he shower often? Present Simple is used for stating facts, sharing habits and routines, giving directions, and in newspaper headlines.
Present Continuous is next. A basic Present Continuous sentence looks like this: Subject + be + Verb-ing. Some examples include: She is running. I am not eating. Is he driving? Are you leaving? Present Continuous is used for talking about an action that is happening at the time of speaking, sharing about a temporary action that may not be happening at the time of speaking. referring to regular or usual actions around the time of speaking, and to talk about developing stories.
Next is Present Perfect. The most basic sentence with Present Perfect takes this form: Subject + have + Past Participle. Here are a few examples: I have eaten. Have you written a letter to Congress? She has seen the game. It has rained today. They haven't tried this beer yet. Present Perfect is used for sharing about a general experience that happened in the past, talking about actions that happened in the past but are still in the current time period, sharing about something that started in the past and is still happening, and describing past actions with present results.
Finally, the last tense is Present Perfect Continuous. The basic structure of it looks like this: Subject + have + been + Verb-ing. Some examples include: I have been watching the game. Have you been cooking? She's been eating ice cream all day. Present Perfect Continuous is used for talking about how long an ongoing activity has happened or describing an activity that was recently finished.
These four tenses are easy to mix up, but there are a variety of games, drills, and activities to use to help students learn the differences between the tenses.
